Yedoma. Part 1. Annals of geocryological research in the XIX-XX centuries

The subject of the study is yedoma i.e. perennially frozen organic-bearing ("1–2% Corg) and ice-rich (containing 50–90 vol. % excess ice) silty, sandy loam fine sand deposit Late Pleistocene age. Yedoma with multi-stages syngenetic ice wedges (up to 15–20 meters high up 3.5 m wide) aged from 11.7 50 cal. ca BP often saturated rock debris gravel inclusions in intermountain basins river deltas. most famous regions Siberia, where widespread, are Kolyma Yana-Indigirka lowlands, New Siberian Islands, Lena Vilyui River valley, Lena-Anabar, Anabar-Khatanga Magadan regions, Yamal, Gydan Taimyr Peninsula, Olekma, Biryusa valleys. In Alaska, these slump on Itkillik Fox Permafrost Tunnel. Klondike known Yukon. Sections large ground were first described early 19th century Alaska idea accumulation permafrost arose late - 20th centuries, mechanism formation was middle century. end century, studies reached a new level. oxygen deuterium stable isotopes together radiocarbon ages gave possibility reconstruct winter paleotemperature during formation. It established different genesis also.